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State Archives of Florida Online Catalog

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The Online Catalog allows searching and browsing of information about the Florida State Archives’ holdings of over 48,000 cubic feet of state and local government records and historical manuscripts. The catalog provides descriptions of over 3,400 collections and lists the contents of containers and folders in many of those collections. For assistance with accessing and using State Archives collections, call our Reference Staff at 850.245.6719 or email us at archives@dos.myflorida.com.


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Record Group Number: 001020
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Creator: Federal Census Records
Title, Dates: Federal Census Records record group.
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Biographical/Historical Note:     The purpose of the federal census is to enumerate the entire population of the country every ten years by county jurisdiction. The first six federal censuses, those from 1790 to 1840, were overseen by federal marshals.  The first Census Office began operation in Washington in 1850.  This was only temporary as the Office was disbanded after each count.  The Census Office became permanent in 1902.
    The first six censuses were similar in content, naming only the heads of families.  All other people were noted only by tally marks in categories for age, sex, race, and slavery, except that the Constitution excluded from the census all Indians not taxed.  The later federal censuses included a variety of different schedules. The 1850 and 1860 censuses contained free population, slave population, mortality, agriculture, and industry schedules.  The 1870 and 1880 counts included schedules for population, mortality, agriculture, and industry.  Less than one percent of the results of the 1890 census remain after the 1921 fire in Washington.  The 1900 census has separate schedules for population, mortality, agriculture, and manufactures.  The census of 1910 had different schedules for population, agriculture, and manufactures.

    The federal census was first compiled in Florida in 1830.  It has served as Florida's census record since 1950 due to the abolishment of the state census in 1949 (Senate Joint Resolution #46, 1949).
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